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| suzannelawrence |
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| Trieu chung benh soi o tre em tai Dak Lak: Dau hieu nhan biet, bien chung va cach xu tri
Benh soi la mot benh truyen nhiem cap tinh do virus soi gay ra, thuong gap o tre em chua duoc tiem vaccine day du hoac chua co mien dich. Benh lay lan rat nhanh qua duong ho hap khi nguoi benh ho, hat hoi, noi chuyen hoac tiep xuc gan. Trong moi truong dong nguoi nhu truong hoc, nha tre, khu vui choi va gia dinh, virus soi co the phat tan rong neu khong duoc phat hien va cach ly kip thoi.
Viec nhan biet trieu chung benh soi o tre em tai Dak Lak co y nghia quan trong, giup phu huynh dua tre di kham som, han che lay nhiem cho cong dong va phong ngua cac bien chung nguy hiem nhu viem phoi, viem tai giua, tieu chay, viem nao hoac suy dinh duong. Cung Benh Vien Thien Hanh (https://thienhanhhospital.com) tim hieu chi tiet.
Benh soi o tre em la gi?
Soi la benh truyen nhiem do virus thuoc nhom Morbillivirus gay ra. Virus xam nhap vao co the chu yeu qua duong ho hap, sau do nhan len va lan truyen trong co the.
Tre mac soi thuong co thoi gian u benh khoang 7–14 ngay, doi khi lau hon. Trong giai doan dau, cac trieu chung co the giong cam cum hoac viem duong ho hap thong thuong nen phu huynh de bo qua.
Mot diem can luu y la tre co the lay virus soi cho nguoi khac truoc khi phat ban xuat hien, thuong tu khoang 4 ngay truoc khi noi ban den 4 ngay sau khi ban bat dau xuat hien.
Cac trieu chung benh soi o tre em tai Dak Lak
Trieu chung benh soi thuong tien trien theo tung giai doan. Phu huynh nen theo doi su ket hop giua sot, viem long duong ho hap, viem ket mac mat va phat ban dac trung.
Sot cao
Sot thuong la mot trong nhung dau hieu dau tien cua benh soi. Tre co the:
Sot tu nhe den cao, thuong khoang 38,5–40°C.
Sot keo dai nhieu ngay.
Sot tang dan truoc khi phat ban.
Met moi, quay khoc, bu kem hoac an uong kem.
Co the ret run hoac do mo hoi khi ha sot.
O mot so tre, sot co the giam tam thoi roi tang tro lai khi ban bat dau lan rong. Neu tre sot cao lien tuc, li bi, co giat hoac kho tho, can dua tre den co so y te ngay.
Ho, so mui va hat hoi
Soi thuong gay viem duong ho hap voi cac bieu hien:
Ho khan hoac ho nhieu.
So mui, nghet mui.
Hat hoi.
Dau rat hong.
Khan tieng.
Tre nho co the bu kem do nghet mui hoac kho tho khi bu.
Ho do soi co the keo dai va de tro nen nghiem trong neu tre xuat hien bien chung viem phoi.
Mat do, chay nuoc mat
Viem ket mac la dau hieu kha thuong gap o tre mac soi. Phu huynh co the nhan thay:
Mat do, com hoac nhay cam voi anh sang.
Chay nuoc mat nhieu.
Mi mat sung nhe.
Tre dui mat thuong xuyen.
Co the xuat hien ghen mat nhung khong phai truong hop nao cung co.
Su ket hop giua sot cao, ho, so mui va mat do can khien phu huynh nghi den benh soi, dac biet khi tre chua tiem vaccine day du hoac co tiep xuc voi nguoi mac benh.
Hat Koplik trong niem mac mieng
Truoc khi phat ban khoang 1–2 ngay, mot so tre co the xuat hien cac hat Koplik. Day la nhung cham nho mau trang hoac trang xanh, co nen do, thuong nam o mat trong niem mac ma, gan rang ham.
Hat Koplik:
Co kich thuoc nho nhu hat muoi.
Co the moc thanh tung dom rai rac.
Thuong kho quan sat neu tre khong hop tac.
La dau hieu goi y soi kha dac trung nhung khong phai tre nao cung bieu hien ro.
Phu huynh khong nen co dung tay hoac vat cung cao cac dom trang trong mieng tre vi co the gay ton thuong niem mac va lam tang nguy co nhiem trung.
Phat ban toan than
Phat ban la trieu chung noi bat cua benh soi. Ban thuong xuat hien theo trinh tu:
Bat dau o vung sau tai, chan toc, tran hoac mat.
Lan xuong co, nguc va lung.
Tiep tuc lan den bung, tay va chan.
Co the lan rong gan nhu toan than.
Dac diem ban soi thuong la:
Ban dang dat san, mau hong hoac do.
Cac not ban co the lien ket thanh tung mang.
Ban thuong xuat hien khi tre van con sot.
Ban moc theo huong tu dau xuong than minh roi den tay chan.
Khi ban lui, mau da co the sam hon hoac de lai tinh trang bong vay min.
Khong phai moi truong hop phat ban kem sot deu la soi. Ban co the gap trong sot phat ban, sot xuat huyet, rubella, di ung thuoc, tay chan mieng hoac cac benh nhiem virus khac. Vi vay, tre can duoc bac si tham kham de xac dinh nguyen nhan.
Khi nao tre mac soi can duoc dua di cap cuu?
Phu huynh can dua tre den co so y te ngay neu xuat hien mot trong cac dau hieu sau:
Kho tho, tho nhanh, rut lom long nguc.
Tim moi hoac dau ngon tay.
Sot cao lien tuc, khong dap ung voi bien phap ha sot thong thuong.
Tre li bi, kho danh thuc hoac phan ung cham.
Co giat.
Dau dau du doi, cung co.
Non lien tuc, khong uong duoc nuoc.
Tieu chay nhieu, khat nhieu, moi kho, mat trung hoac tieu rat it.
Tre bo bu hoan toan.
Ban xuat huyet, bam tim bat thuong hoac chay mau.
Dau tai, chay mu tai.
Ho nang dan, dau nguc hoac tho kho khe.
Tre duoi 3 thang tuoi bi sot.
Tre suy dinh duong, mac benh nen hoac suy giam mien dich.
Cac dau hieu tren co the lien quan den viem phoi, mat nuoc, nhiem trung thu phat, viem nao hoac cac bien chung nguy hiem khac.
Tre nghi mac soi nen duoc cham soc nhu the nao?
Cho tre nghi ngoi
Cho tre nghi o phong thoang, sach, tranh khoi thuoc, bui va cac chat kich thich. Han che dua tre den truong, nha tre hoac noi dong nguoi trong thoi gian co kha nang lay benh.
Bu nuoc day du
Cho tre uong nuoc, dung dich oresol pha dung huong dan, sua hoac cac loai nuoc phu hop voi do tuoi. Neu tre con bu me, tiep tuc cho tre bu nhieu lan.
Khong tu y pha oresol dac hoac loang hon huong dan vi co the gay roi loan dien giai.
Dinh duong hop ly
Nen cho tre an thuc an mem, de tieu, giau nang luong va chia thanh nhieu bua nho. Neu tre dau hong hoac loet mieng, nen chon thuc an am vua phai, mem va khong qua cay, chua.
Ha sot dung cach
Co the su dung thuoc ha sot phu hop voi can nang va do tuoi theo huong dan cua bac si hoac duoc si. Khong tu y dung aspirin cho tre. Khong phoi hop nhieu thuoc cam cum co cung thanh phan ha sot vi co the gay qua lieu.
Ve sinh mat, mui
Co the ve sinh mat va mui bang nuoc muoi sinh ly vo khuan theo huong dan. Khong tu y nho thuoc khang sinh, thuoc co corticoid hoac dung thuoc dan gian vao mat tre.
Khong tu y dung khang sinh
Soi do virus gay ra nen khang sinh khong co tac dung tieu diet virus. Bac si chi chi dinh khang sinh khi tre co bang chung hoac nghi ngo nhiem khuan thu phat nhu viem phoi do vi khuan, viem tai giua hoac nhiem trung khac.
Bo sung vitamin A theo chi dinh
Vitamin A co the duoc bac si chi dinh trong dieu tri ho tro benh soi, dac biet o tre nho hoac tre co nguy co thieu vitamin A. Phu huynh khong nen tu y cho tre dung lieu cao vi co the gay ngo doc.
Phong ngua benh soi o tre em
Tiem vaccine day du
Tiem vaccine la bien phap phong benh soi hieu qua nhat. Phu huynh can dua tre di tiem dung lich theo chuong trinh tiem chung va huong dan cua co so y te.
Neu tre bo lo lich tiem, nen dua tre den co so tiem chung de duoc tu van lich tiem bu phu hop. Khong nen tri hoan tiem vaccine chi vi tre dang sinh song tai khu vuc chua ghi nhan dich.
Han che tiep xuc voi nguoi nghi mac soi
Khong cho tre tiep xuc gan voi nguoi dang sot, ho, phat ban chua ro nguyen nhan. Neu trong gia dinh co nguoi nghi mac soi, can:
Deo khau trang khi cham soc tre.
Rua tay thuong xuyen.
Khong dung chung khan, coc, do dung ca nhan.
Ve sinh cac be mat thuong xuyen tiep xuc.
Mo cua thong thoang phong.
Han che nguoi benh tiep xuc voi tre nho, phu nu mang thai va nguoi suy giam mien dich.
Theo doi tre sau khi tiep xuc nguon benh
Neu tre tung tiep xuc voi nguoi mac soi, phu huynh nen theo doi than nhiet, tinh trang ho, so mui, mat do va phat ban trong khoang thoi gian tiep theo. Khi tre xuat hien trieu chung, can lien he co so y te truoc khi dua tre den kham de duoc huong dan han che lay nhiem.
Khong tu y dua tre den noi dong nguoi khi dang nghi mac soi
Tre nghi mac soi nen duoc kham tai co so y te theo huong dan. Khi dua tre di kham, phu huynh nen thong bao truoc ve tinh trang sot, ho, phat ban va tien su tiep xuc de co so y te co phuong an tiep nhan phu hop.
Kham va dieu tri trieu chung benh soi o tre em tai Dak Lak
Khi tre co dau hieu nghi mac soi, phu huynh nen dua tre den co so y te co chuyen khoa Nhi hoac co kha nang tiep nhan benh truyen nhiem. Viec tham kham giup danh gia muc do benh, phat hien som viem phoi, mat nuoc, viem tai giua hoac cac bien chung khac.
Tai Benh Vien Da Khoa Thien Hanh Buon Ma Thuot , phu huynh co the lien he Khoa Nhi, Khoa Kham benh hoac Khoa Cap cuu de duoc huong dan khi tre sot, ho, phat ban, kho tho hoac co dau hieu bat thuong. Trong truong hop tre co bieu hien nang nhu co giat, li bi, tim tai, kho tho hoac mat nuoc nghiem trong, can dua tre den khu vuc cap cuu ngay.
Benh vien co the thuc hien tham kham lam sang, danh gia ho hap, tinh trang mat nuoc, chi dinh xet nghiem hoac chan doan hinh anh khi can thiet. Phuong phap dieu tri phu thuoc vao do tuoi, muc do benh, tinh trang dinh duong va cac bien chung di kem.
Phu huynh co the chu dong lien he benh vien de xac nhan thoi gian kham, quy trinh tiep nhan tre nghi mac benh truyen nhiem va huong dan chuan bi truoc khi den.
Ket luan
Nhung trieu chung benh soi o tre em tai Dak Lak thuong bao gom sot cao, ho, so mui, mat do, chay nuoc mat, co the xuat hien hat Koplik trong mieng va phat ban lan tu mat xuong than minh, tay chan. Tuy nhien, cac bieu hien nay co the tuong dong voi nhieu benh khac nen phu huynh khong nen tu chan doan hoac tu dieu tri tai nha.
Tiem vaccine day du, phat hien som, han che tiep xuc va theo doi sat cac dau hieu nguy hiem la nhung yeu to quan trong giup bao ve tre. Khi tre sot cao kem phat ban, ho nhieu, kho tho, bo bu, li bi hoac co giat, phu huynh can dua tre di kham ngay tai co so y te phu hop nhu Benh Vien Thien Hanh BMT de duoc danh gia va xu tri kip thoi. |
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