Tam soat la mot khai niem thuong duoc nhac den trong cham soc suc khoe hien dai, dac biet khi nguoi dan ngay cang quan tam den viec phat hien benh som. Nhieu benh ly nguy hiem nhu ung thu, tim mach, dai thao duong, tang huyet ap hoac benh gan co the tien trien am tham trong thoi gian dai ma chua gay ra trieu chung ro rang. Khi benh bieu hien ra ben ngoai, tinh trang doi khi da tien trien hoac kho dieu tri hon.
Vi vay, hieu ro tam soat la gi, ai nen tam soat, tam soat gom nhung gi va nen thuc hien o dau tai Dak Lak se giup moi nguoi chu dong bao ve suc khoe. Nguoi dan co the tham khao cac co so y te nhu Benh vien da khoa Thien Hanh hospital de duoc tu van danh muc kiem tra phu hop voi tuoi, gioi tinh, tien su benh va yeu to nguy co ca nhan.
Tam soat la gi?
Tam soat la qua trinh su dung cac phuong phap kham, xet nghiem hoac chan doan hinh anh de phat hien som mot benh ly hoac nguy co mac benh o nhung nguoi chua co trieu chung ro rang.
Muc tieu cua tam soat khong phai la tim tat ca cac benh trong co the, ma la chu dong kiem tra nhung benh:
Co the dien tien am tham.
Co nguy co anh huong nghiem trong den suc khoe.
Co phuong phap phat hien som tuong doi hieu qua.
Co kha nang dieu tri tot hon neu duoc phat hien o giai doan dau.
Phu hop voi do tuoi, gioi tinh hoac yeu to nguy co cua nguoi duoc kiem tra.
Vi du, mot nguoi cam thay hoan toan khoe manh van co the duoc tam soat:
Tang huyet ap.
Dai thao duong.
Roi loan mo mau.
Ung thu co tu cung.
Ung thu vu.
Ung thu dai truc trang.
Viem gan B, viem gan C.
Benh than.
Mot so benh ly tim mach.
Tam soat khac gi voi kham benh?
Tam soat va kham benh co lien quan nhung khong giong nhau.
Tam soat
Tam soat thuong danh cho nguoi:
Chua co trieu chung ro rang.
Muon kiem tra nguy co benh.
Co yeu to nguy co nhung chua duoc chan doan benh.
Muon phat hien som benh trong giai doan co the dieu tri hieu qua.
Kham benh
Kham benh thuong danh cho nguoi:
Da xuat hien trieu chung bat thuong.
Co ket qua xet nghiem hoac hinh anh nghi ngo.
Dang mac benh va can theo doi.
Can danh gia nguyen nhan cua mot bieu hien cu the.
Vi du, phu nu khong co trieu chung nhung den kham de thuc hien xet nghiem HPV hoac Pap smear co the duoc xem la tam soat ung thu co tu cung. Trong khi do, phu nu da co chay mau am dao bat thuong, dau vung chau hoac ton thuong nghi ngo thi can duoc kham va chan doan, khong chi don thuan tam soat.
Vi sao nen tam soat suc khoe?
Phat hien benh khi chua co trieu chung
Nhieu benh ly khong bieu hien ro trong giai doan dau. Tam soat giup phat hien nhung thay doi bat thuong truoc khi benh gay anh huong nghiem trong.
Tang co hoi dieu tri hieu qua
Mot so benh neu duoc phat hien som co the dieu tri don gian hon, giam nguy co bien chung va cai thien tien luong. Dac biet, voi mot so loai ung thu, phat hien o giai doan som co the giup tang kha nang dieu tri khoi hoac kiem soat lau dai.
Giam chi phi dieu tri ve sau
Chi phi tam soat thuong thap hon so voi dieu tri benh o giai doan nang. Tuy nhien, khong nen hieu rang tat ca cac goi tam soat deu can thuc hien hang loat xet nghiem dat tien. Danh muc phu hop can dua tren nguy co thuc te cua tung nguoi.
Chu dong dieu chinh loi song
Ket qua tam soat co the cho thay nguoi benh dang co:
Huyet ap cao.
Duong huyet tang.
Cholesterol cao.
Men gan bat thuong.
Gan nhiem mo.
Suy giam chuc nang than.
Thua can hoac beo phi.
Tu do, nguoi dan co the dieu chinh che do an uong, van dong, giac ngu va thoi quen sinh hoat som hon.
Giam tam ly chu quan
Mot nguoi khong co trieu chung khong dong nghia voi viec hoan toan khong co benh. Tam soat giup danh gia suc khoe mot cach co he thong, thay vi chi di kham khi da dau hoac met.
Nhung ai nen thuc hien tam soat?
Khong phai ai cung can mot goi tam soat giong nhau. Bac si thuong can nhac cac yeu to sau:
Do tuoi.
Gioi tinh.
Tien su benh ca nhan.
Tien su benh trong gia dinh.
Thoi quen hut thuoc, uong ruou bia.
Can nang va muc do van dong.
Che do an uong.
Moi truong lam viec.
Tien su nhiem virus hoac benh man tinh.
Cac trieu chung hoac ket qua xet nghiem truoc do.
Nguoi truong thanh
Nguoi truong thanh nen kiem tra suc khoe dinh ky de phat hien som tang huyet ap, roi loan duong huyet, mo mau, benh gan, benh than va cac yeu to nguy co tim mach.
Nguoi trung nien va cao tuoi
Nguy co mac benh man tinh, benh tim mach va mot so loai ung thu thuong tang theo tuoi. Nhom nay co the can chuong trinh tam soat chuyen sau hon, tuy theo tinh trang suc khoe.
Nguoi co tien su gia dinh mac benh
Neu cha me hoac anh chi em ruot tung mac ung thu, dot quy, benh tim, dai thao duong hoac benh di truyen, nguoi dan nen thong bao voi bac si de duoc tu van thoi diem va phuong phap tam soat phu hop.
Nguoi co yeu to nguy co
Nhung nguoi hut thuoc, uong ruou bia nhieu, thua can, beo phi, it van dong, mac viem gan virus, tang huyet ap hoac dai thao duong nen duoc danh gia nguy co dinh ky.
Tam soat tong quat thuong gom nhung gi?
Mot goi tam soat tong quat co the bao gom nhieu nhom kiem tra. Tuy nhien, danh muc cu the can duoc ca nhan hoa, khong nhat thiet ai cung phai lam tat ca xet nghiem.
1. Kham lam sang
Bac si co the hoi ve:
Tinh trang suc khoe hien tai.
Tien su benh.
Thuoc dang su dung.
Tien su gia dinh.
Thoi quen an uong, hut thuoc, uong ruou.
Chat luong giac ngu.
Muc do van dong.
Cac trieu chung bat thuong neu co.
Ben canh do, bac si co the do huyet ap, mach, can nang, chieu cao, vong eo va chi so khoi co the.
2. Xet nghiem mau
Mot so xet nghiem thuong duoc can nhac gom:
Cong thuc mau.
Duong huyet luc doi.
HbA1c trong truong hop can danh gia duong huyet trung binh.
Cholesterol toan phan.
LDL-cholesterol.
HDL-cholesterol.
Triglyceride.
Chuc nang gan.
Chuc nang than.
Acid uric khi co chi dinh.
Mot so xet nghiem viem gan virus.
Xet nghiem khac tuy theo nguy co.
Khong phai tat ca xet nghiem deu can lam thuong xuyen. Viec chi dinh can dua tren tuoi, benh nen va ket qua kham ban dau.
3. Xet nghiem nuoc tieu
Xet nghiem nuoc tieu co the giup phat hien mot so dau hieu lien quan den:
Nhiem trung duong tiet nieu.
Tieu mau.
Dam trong nuoc tieu.
Ton thuong than.
Roi loan chuyen hoa.
Nguoi co tang huyet ap, dai thao duong hoac tien su benh than thuong can chu y den viec kiem tra chuc nang than va nuoc tieu.
4. Sieu am
Tuy tinh trang, bac si co the chi dinh:
Sieu am bung tong quat.
Sieu am gan mat.
Sieu am than – tiet nieu.
Sieu am tuyen giap.
Sieu am tuyen vu.
Sieu am tim.
Sieu am Doppler mach mau.
Sieu am co the phat hien mot so bat thuong ve cau truc, nhung khong thay the hoan toan cac phuong phap khac. Ket qua sieu am can duoc doc cung trieu chung, xet nghiem va tien su benh.
5. Dien tim
Dien tim co the duoc thuc hien khi nguoi benh co yeu to nguy co tim mach, hoi hop, dau nguc, kho tho hoac can danh gia suc khoe truoc mot so hoat dong, phau thuat.
Dien tim giup phat hien mot so roi loan nhip, dau hieu thieu mau co tim hoac bat thuong dan truyen. Tuy nhien, dien tim binh thuong khong loai tru hoan toan moi benh tim.
6. Chan doan hinh anh chuyen sau
Trong mot so truong hop, bac si co the chi dinh:
X-quang.
CT.
MRI.
Noi soi.
Chup mach mau.
Do do dan hoi gan.
Cac phuong phap chan doan chuyen biet khac.
Nhung ky thuat nay khong nen thuc hien tran lan chi vi muon “kiem tra toan bo co the”. Can can nhac loi ich, nguy co, chi phi va kha nang phat hien benh thuc su.
Nhung loai tam soat quan trong
Tam soat tang huyet ap
Tang huyet ap thuong khong gay trieu chung ro rang. Nguoi benh co the van sinh hoat binh thuong nhung huyet ap cao keo dai da am tham gay ton thuong tim, nao, than va mach mau.
Tam soat thuong bat dau bang:
Do huyet ap dung cach.
Do lap lai neu ket qua bat thuong.
Theo doi huyet ap tai nha khi can.
Danh gia duong huyet, mo mau va chuc nang than.
Kiem tra nguy co tim mach tong the.
Tam soat dai thao duong
Nguoi thua can, beo phi, it van dong, co tien su gia dinh hoac tung bi tang duong huyet nen duoc kiem tra duong huyet dinh ky.
Cac phuong phap co the gom:
Duong huyet luc doi.
HbA1c.
Nghiem phap dung nap glucose trong mot so truong hop.
Phat hien som giup nguoi benh dieu chinh che do an, van dong va dieu tri truoc khi xuat hien bien chung.
Tam soat roi loan mo mau
Roi loan mo mau thuong khong gay bieu hien ro rang nhung co the thuc day xo vua dong mach, nhoi mau co tim va dot quy.
Xet nghiem mo mau thuong danh gia:
Cholesterol toan phan.
LDL-cholesterol.
HDL-cholesterol.
Triglyceride.
Nguoi co benh tim mach, tieu duong, tang huyet ap hoac tien su gia dinh nen duoc bac si tu van tan suat kiem tra phu hop.
Tam soat benh gan
Tam soat benh gan co the duoc can nhac o nguoi:
Co viem gan B hoac C.
Uong ruou bia thuong xuyen.
Beo phi, gan nhiem mo.
Co men gan bat thuong.
Co tien su gia dinh mac benh gan.
Tung mac benh gan man tinh.
Danh muc kiem tra co the gom:
Men gan.
Bilirubin.
Albumin.
Xet nghiem viem gan virus.
Sieu am gan mat.
Do do dan hoi gan.
AFP hoac phuong phap hinh anh chuyen sau trong nhom nguy co ung thu gan theo chi dinh.
Tam soat ung thu co tu cung
Phu nu trong do tuoi phu hop co the duoc tu van:
Xet nghiem HPV.
Pap smear.
Dong xet nghiem HPV va Pap trong mot so truong hop.
Soi co tu cung khi co ket qua bat thuong.
Lich tam soat phu thuoc vao do tuoi, phuong phap xet nghiem, ket qua truoc do va huong dan cua bac si. Phu nu da co trieu chung nhu chay mau am dao bat thuong, chay mau sau quan he hoac khi hu bat thuong can kham phu khoa, khong nen chi cho den lich tam soat.
Tam soat ung thu vu
Tuy do tuoi va nguy co, bac si co the chi dinh:
Kham vu.
Sieu am vu.
Chup X-quang tuyen vu.
MRI tuyen vu trong nhom nguy co dac biet.
Phu nu nen chu y cac dau hieu nhu khoi bat thuong o vu, thay doi da, tut num vu, tiet dich bat thuong hoac hach nach. Khi co dau hieu nghi ngo, can kham som thay vi tu theo doi keo dai.
Tam soat ung thu dai truc trang
Mot so phuong phap co the duoc su dung:
Xet nghiem mau an trong phan.
Noi soi dai trang.
Cac xet nghiem hoac chan doan hinh anh khac theo chi dinh.
Nguoi co tien su gia dinh mac ung thu dai truc trang, polyp dai trang, benh viem ruot man tinh hoac co trieu chung nhu di ngoai ra mau, thay doi thoi quen dai tien, sut can khong ro nguyen nhan nen duoc tu van som.
Tam soat ung thu phoi
Tam soat ung thu phoi khong danh cho tat ca moi nguoi. Phuong phap chup CT lieu thap thuong chi duoc can nhac o nhom co nguy co cao, dac biet lien quan den tuoi, tien su hut thuoc va muc do hut thuoc.
Khong nen tu y chup CT nhieu lan neu khong co chi dinh, vi can can nhac buc xa, ket qua duong tinh gia va cac xet nghiem tiep theo.
Tam soat benh than
Nguoi co tang huyet ap, dai thao duong, benh tim, tien su gia dinh mac benh than hoac thuong xuyen su dung thuoc co nguy co anh huong den than nen duoc kiem tra:
Creatinine mau.
Muc loc cau than uoc tinh.
Xet nghiem nuoc tieu.
Albumin hoac dam nieu.
Sieu am than khi can.
Benh than giai doan som co the khong gay dau hoac thay doi luong nuoc tieu ro ret, vi vay kiem tra dinh ky co gia tri quan trong.
Tam soat co phai lam cang nhieu xet nghiem cang tot?
Khong. Tam soat hieu qua can dung benh, dung doi tuong, dung thoi diem va dung phuong phap.
Viec lam qua nhieu xet nghiem khong can thiet co the dan den:
Tang chi phi.
Phat hien nhung bat thuong khong nguy hiem nhung gay lo lang.
Duong tinh gia.
Phai thuc hien them thu thuat hoac xet nghiem xam lan.
Tiep xuc buc xa khong can thiet trong mot so phuong phap hinh anh.
Dieu tri hoac can thiep khong phu hop.
Dac biet, cac goi tam soat quang cao “phat hien tat ca ung thu” hoac “kiem tra toan bo co the” can duoc can nhac ky. Khong co mot xet nghiem don le nao co the phat hien chac chan tat ca benh ly hoac tat ca loai ung thu.
Can chuan bi gi truoc khi di tam soat?
Truoc khi den co so y te, nguoi dan nen:
Mang theo can cuoc hoac ho so kham benh neu can.
Chuan bi danh sach thuoc va thuc pham bo sung dang su dung.
Ghi lai tien su benh ca nhan va gia dinh.
Thong bao neu dang mang thai hoac co kha nang mang thai.
Hoi truoc co can nhin an hay khong.
Uong thuoc theo huong dan, khong tu y ngung thuoc.
Mang theo ket qua xet nghiem, sieu am hoac noi soi truoc do.
Mac trang phuc thuan tien cho viec kham.
Trao doi ro voi bac si ve muc tieu tam soat va ngan sach du kien.
Mot so xet nghiem mau co the yeu cau nhin an, nhung khong phai moi xet nghiem deu can nhin. Nguoi benh nen lam theo huong dan cua co so y te thay vi tu nhin an keo dai.
Khi nao khong nen chi di tam soat ma can kham ngay?
Neu da xuat hien trieu chung bat thuong, nguoi benh can kham chan doan thay vi chi dang ky mot goi tam soat thong thuong.
Can di kham som khi co:
Sut can khong ro nguyen nhan.
Sot keo dai.
Dau nguc, kho tho.
Dau bung keo dai hoac dau du doi.
Di ngoai ra mau hoac phan den.
Tieu mau.
Vang da, vang mat.
Khoi bat thuong o vu, co hoac bung.
Chay mau am dao bat thuong.
Ho keo dai, ho ra mau.
Dau dau du doi hoac yeu liet dot ngot.
Dac biet, neu co dau hieu meo mieng, yeu liet mot ben, noi kho, nhin mo, mat thang bang hoac dau dau du doi dot ngot, can cap cuu ngay vi co the lien quan den dot quy.
Tam soat tai Dak Lak nen thuc hien o dau?
Khi lua chon co so tam soat tai Dak Lak, nguoi dan nen quan tam den:
Co bac si kham va tu van truoc khi lam xet nghiem hay khong.
Co so co cac chuyen khoa phu hop khong.
He thong xet nghiem co dap ung danh muc can thiet khong.
Co sieu am, X-quang, CT, MRI hoac noi soi khi co chi dinh khong.
Co kha nang tu van va theo doi sau khi nhan ket qua khong.
Chi phi co duoc giai thich ro rang khong.
Co quy trinh chuyen tuyen khi phat hien bat thuong khong.
Thoi gian tra ket qua va cach nhan ket qua.
Muc do phu hop cua goi tam soat voi tuoi va yeu to nguy co.
Benh vien da khoa Thien Hanh hospital la mot dia chi nguoi dan tai Dak Lak co the tham khao khi co nhu cau kham suc khoe, kiem tra nguy co benh ly hoac tu van tam soat. Tuy tinh trang, bac si co the huong dan nguoi benh thuc hien xet nghiem mau, sieu am, kiem tra tim mach, danh gia gan – than hoac tham kham chuyen khoa. Nguoi dan nen lien he truc tiep voi benh vien de xac nhan danh muc tam soat, chuyen khoa phu trach, lich kham va chi phi tai thoi diem dang ky.
Nhung cau hoi thuong gap ve tam soat
Bao lau nen tam soat suc khoe mot lan?
Tan suat tam soat phu thuoc vao tuoi, gioi tinh, benh nen va yeu to nguy co. Nguoi khoe manh co the kham dinh ky theo tu van cua bac si, trong khi nguoi co benh man tinh hoac nguy co cao co the can kiem tra thuong xuyen hon.
Nguoi tre co can tam soat khong?
Co. Nguoi tre van co the mac tang huyet ap, dai thao duong, roi loan mo mau, benh gan, benh than hoac mot so benh di truyen. Tuy nhien, danh muc tam soat nen vua du, tranh lam xet nghiem khong can thiet.
Tam soat co phat hien chac chan benh ung thu khong?
Khong. Tam soat chi giup phat hien dau hieu nghi ngo hoac nguy co benh. Neu ket qua bat thuong, nguoi benh co the can thuc hien them xet nghiem, noi soi, chan doan hinh anh hoac sinh thiet de xac dinh chan doan.
Co can nhin an truoc khi tam soat khong?
Mot so xet nghiem mau co the can nhin an, nhung khong phai tat ca. Nguoi dan nen hoi co so y te truoc khi den va khong tu y nhin an neu dang mac benh hoac can dung thuoc.
Tam soat co thay the loi song lanh manh khong?
Khong. Tam soat giup phat hien som nguy co hoac benh ly, nhung khong thay the viec an uong hop ly, van dong, ngu du, bo thuoc la, han che ruou bia va kiem soat benh nen.
Ket luan
Tam soat la qua trinh kiem tra chu dong nham phat hien som benh ly hoac nguy co mac benh o nhung nguoi chua co trieu chung ro rang. Tuy tung nguoi, tam soat co the bao gom kham lam sang, do huyet ap, xet nghiem mau, xet nghiem nuoc tieu, sieu am, dien tim, noi soi hoac cac phuong phap chuyen sau khac.
Tam soat hieu qua khong nam o viec thuc hien that nhieu xet nghiem, ma o viec lua chon dung phuong phap, dung doi tuong va dung thoi diem. Nguoi dan tai Dak Lak co the tham khao Benh vien da khoa Thien Hanh hospital de duoc tu van chuong trinh kiem tra phu hop voi do tuoi, gioi tinh, tien su benh va yeu to nguy co.
